He published version with the manuscript. Funding: The publication charge was
He published version of the manuscript. Funding: The publication fee was paid for by the South African Health-related Investigation Council. Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was carried out according to the suggestions in the Declaration of Helsinki and authorized by the Biomedical Study Ethics Committee in the University of the Western Cape on five March 2020 (Reference No: BM20/1/8). Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Data Availability Statement: The information presented in this study are obtainable on request from the corresponding author and with permission from the Biomedical Investigation Ethics Committee with the University from the Western Cape as well as the Western Cape Provincial Analysis Council. Acknowledgments: We warmly thank the patients and crucial informants for their participation in this study. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Wellness 2021, 18,14 ofAbbreviationsDR NCD NTSS SARS-CoV-2 Diabetic retinopathy Non-communicable disease Northern/Tygerberg sub-Structure Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
International Journal ofFinancial StudiesArticleThe Relation between Intraday Limit Order Book Depth and SpreadAlexandre Aidov and Olesya LobanovaCollege of Business, University of Houston-Victoria, Victoria, TX 77901, USA; [email protected] Correspondence: [email protected]: Prior research that examine the relation in between market depth and bid sk spread are typically limited towards the 1st degree of the limit order book. On the other hand, the full limit order book provides critical data beyond the initial level about the depth and spread, which impacts the trading decisions of industry participants. This paper examines the intraday behavior of depth and spread within the five-deep limit order book as well as the relation involving depth and spread within a futures market place setting. A dummy-variables regression framework is employed and is estimated making use of the generalized technique of moments (GMM). Outcomes indicate an inverse U-shaped pattern for depth and an growing pattern for spread. Right after controlling for known explanatory things, an inverse relation between the limit order book depth and spread is documented. The inverse relation holds for depth and spread at person levels in the limit order book at the same time. Results indicate that marketplace participants actively manage both the value (spread) and quantity (depth) dimensions of liquidity along the five-deep limit order book. Key phrases: market place depth; bid sk spread; limit order book; futures marketCitation: Aidov, Alexandre, and Olesya Lobanova. 2021. The Relation among Intraday Limit Order Book Depth and Spread. International Journal of Monetary Studies 9: 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/Fmoc-Gly-Gly-OH ADC Linkers ijfs9040060 3-Chloro-5-hydroxybenzoic acid medchemexpress Academic Editor: Sabri Boubaker Received: 17 September 2021 Accepted: 22 October 2021 Published: 1 November1. Introduction Finance literature shows that liquidity contains both a quantity dimension (depth) along with a price dimension (spread). Harris (1991) defines liquidity because the willingness of some traders to take the opposite side of a trade at a low price. In other words, inside a liquid market, lots of traders are willing to transact (present a large depth) at a low cost (a compact spread). Marketplace participants can adjust to changing market circumstances by modifying the quantity and/or the cost dimensions. For instance, suppose there is an indication that the probability of informed trading inside a industry has enhanced. I.