**Background** The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria represents one of the most significant threats to global public health. These pathogens have developed various mechanisms to evade existing antibiotics, leading…
**Background** Coordination chemistry plays a pivotal role in the development of novel catalysts and materials, particularly in the synthesis of enantioselective compounds. Ligands are essential components in these processes, as…
**Background** Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is an essential micronutrient that plays a critical role in cellular energy metabolism. It serves as the direct precursor to flavin mononucleotide (FMN)…
**Background** The gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex community of microorganisms that play a critical role in maintaining systemic health and immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis, or the imbalance of this…
**Background** Endometriosis is a chronic condition where endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus, often leading to severe pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Additionally, abnormal hormone levels can cause uterine bleeding…
**Background** The sigma-1 receptor ($\sigma_1$R) is a unique chaperone protein located primarily at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM). It plays a critical role in regulating calcium signaling, protein folding,…
**Background** Hypertension and parasitic infections of the central nervous system present significant challenges in biomedical research and clinical management. The α-2-adrenoceptor plays a critical role in regulating sympathetic outflow, making…
**Background** Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global health challenge, necessitating the development of potent antiretroviral therapies to inhibit viral replication. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) serve as a cornerstone…
**Background** Homologous recombination (HR) is a high-fidelity DNA repair mechanism essential for maintaining genomic stability, particularly in the repair of double-strand breaks. A critical step in this process is the…
**Background** Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) is a dual substrate enzyme that metabolizes both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), although it typically exhibits a higher affinity for cGMP.…