D David (HOM get Gynosaponin I strain) (Tables ).According to the virulence levels observed
D David (HOM strain) (Tables ).Depending on the virulence levels observed in Round and Round , we chose H.indica (HOM), S.carpocapsae (Sal), S.feltiae (SN), S.kraussei and S.riobrave for further study in Round .In Round , at d posttreatment, S.feltiae (SN) was the only treatment that triggered a reduction in C.nenuphar survival relative for the control at C, and S.feltiae (SN) and S.riobrave had been the only therapies that caused decrease C.nenuphar survival than the control at C (no variations have been detected at C) (Table ; Fig).At d posttreatment (in Round) S.feltiae (SN) was the only therapy that reduced C.nenuphar survival compared with the control at C and C (Table ; Fig).At C all remedies brought on decrease C.nenuphar survival than the control and no variations have been detected amongst the nematode strains and species (Table ; PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21317800 Fig).Assessment of nematode virulence inside the WV (clay loam) soil Variations in virulence were detected inside the WV soil at all 3 temperatures (Tables ; Figs.).In Journal of Nematology, Volume , Nos September ecember one particular case C.nenuphar survival (at d posttreatment) was higher at C than at C, i.e inside the S.riobrave (TP) therapy Round WV soil.DISCUSSION Substantial variations in virulence to C.nenuphar larvae were observed amongst nematode species.Related to our study, diverse virulence responses have already been observed amongst nematode species and strains in laboratory screening studies targeting other weevil species including the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius (F), (Mannion and Jansson,), Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L), (Shapiro and McCoy,), as well as the guava weevil, Conotrachelus psidii Marshall, (Dolinski et al).Our outcomes indicated that S.feltiae (SN), S.riobrave and S.rarum (C E) possess especially high levels of virulence because these nematodes distinguished themselves relative to other nematodes in a quantity of comparisons including Round (the “best candidate” assay).These findings are in corroboration with those of ShapiroIlan et al. in that S.feltiae (SN), S.riobrave also exhibited superior laboratory virulence to C nenuphar larvae within the prior study (S.rarum was not tested within the earlier study).Nonetheless, in contrast to the benefits of ShapiroIlan et al several species exhibited pathogenicity inside the present but not the former, i.e H.bacteriophora, H.megidis, and S.carpocapsae; the discrepancy is most likely because of the exposure period within the former study getting limited to d (the species had been also not pathogenic at d posttreatment within the present study).The present study expands substantially on preceding laboratory screenings for C.nenuphar virulence.Our study included 4 previously untested nematode species (H.indica, H.georgiana, S.kraussei, and S.rarum) also as many previously untested strains, e.g H.bacteriophora (Oswego and Vs strains), S.riobrave ( and TP strains), and S.carpocapsae (Sal strain).Along with S.rarum (C E), many the other previously untested nematodes exhibited promising levels of virulence and may perhaps warrant further study including H.indica (HOM strain), H.bacteriophora (Oswego strain), S.kraussei, and S.carpocapsae (Sal strain).Temperature affected nematode virulence to C.nenuphar larvae.In the assays that contained independent primary effects (and permitted for statistical analysis of temperature across remedies), C.nenuphar survival decreased as temperature elevated.Also, when temperature effects had been analyzed by treatment C.nenuphar survival w.