Galectin-3-deficient mice. J Immunol 185: 12051214. 21. Murdoch JR, Lloyd CM Chronic inflammation and asthma. Mutat Res 690: 2439. 22. Sakai K, Yokoyama A, Kohno N, Hamada H, Hiwada K Prolonged antigen exposure ameliorates MedChemExpress BTZ043 airway inflammation but not remodeling in a mouse model of bronchial asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 126: 126134. 23. Persson C, Uller L Transepithelial exit of leucocytes: inflicting, reflecting or resolving airway inflammation Thorax 65: 11111115. 24. Van Hove CL, Maes T, Joos GF, Tournoy KG Prolonged inhaled allergen exposure can induce persistent tolerance. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 36: 573584. 25. Chu HW, Breed R, Rino JG, Harbeck RJ, Sills MR, et al. Repeated respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in mice: effect of host genetic background. Microbes Infect 8: 17641772. 26. Hogan MB, Piktel D, Hubbs AF, McPherson LE, Landreth KS Asthma progression to airway remodeling and bone marrow eosinophil responses in genetically distinct strains of mice. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 101: 619625. 27. Nygaard UC, Aase A, Lovik M The allergy adjuvant effect of particles genetic factors influence antibody and cytokine responses. BMC Immunol 6: 11. 28. Porcheray F, Viaud S, Rimaniol AC, Leone C, Samah B, et al. Macrophage activation switching: an asset for the resolution of inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 142: 481489. 29. Blyth DI, Wharton TF, Pedrick MS, Savage TJ, Sanjar S Airway subepithelial fibrosis in a murine model of CASIN chemical information atopic asthma: suppression by dexamethasone or anti-interleukin-5 antibody. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 23: 241246. 30. Southam DS, Ellis R, Wattie J, Glass W, Inman MD Goblet cell rebound and airway dysfunction with corticosteroid withdrawal in a mouse model of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178: 11151122. 31. Kumar RK, Herbert C, Kasper M Reversibility of airway inflammation and remodelling following cessation of antigenic challenge in a model of chronic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 34: 17961802. 32. Leigh R, Ellis R, Wattie J, Southam DS, De Hoogh M, et al. Dysfunction and remodeling of the mouse airway persist after resolution of acute allergeninduced airway inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 27: 526535. 33. Khalil N, O’Connor RN, Unruh HW, Warren PW, Flanders KC, et al. Increased production and immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor-beta in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 5: 155162. 34. Redington AE, Madden J, Frew AJ, Djukanovic R, Roche WR, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in asthma. Measurement in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156: 642647. 35. Halwani R, Al-Muhsen S, Al-Jahdali H, Hamid Q Role of transforming growth factor-beta in airway remodeling in asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 44: 127133. 36. Vignola AM, Chanez P, Chiappara G, Merendino A, Pace E, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta expression in mucosal biopsies in asthma and chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit 12926553 Care Med 156: 591599. 37. Eickelberg O, Pansky A, Koehler E, Bihl M, Tamm M, et al. Molecular mechanisms of TGF- antagonism by interferon and cyclosporine A in lung fibroblasts. FASEB J 15: 797806. 38. Baran D A comparison of inhaled budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate in childhood asthma. Br J Dis Chest 81: 170175. 39. Schmidt J, Fleissner S, Heimann-Weitschat I, Lindstaedt R, Szelenyi I The effect of different corticosteroids and cyclosporin A on interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 release from murine TH2-type T cells. Eur J Pharmacol 26.Galectin-3-deficient mice. J Immunol 185: 12051214. 21. Murdoch JR, Lloyd CM Chronic inflammation and asthma. Mutat Res 690: 2439. 22. Sakai K, Yokoyama A, Kohno N, Hamada H, Hiwada K Prolonged antigen exposure ameliorates airway inflammation but not remodeling in a mouse model of bronchial asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 126: 126134. 23. Persson C, Uller L Transepithelial exit of leucocytes: inflicting, reflecting or resolving airway inflammation Thorax 65: 11111115. 24. Van Hove CL, Maes T, Joos GF, Tournoy KG Prolonged inhaled allergen exposure can induce persistent tolerance. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 36: 573584. 25. Chu HW, Breed R, Rino JG, Harbeck RJ, Sills MR, et al. Repeated respiratory Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in mice: effect of host genetic background. Microbes Infect 8: 17641772. 26. Hogan MB, Piktel D, Hubbs AF, McPherson LE, Landreth KS Asthma progression to airway remodeling and bone marrow eosinophil responses in genetically distinct strains of mice. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 101: 619625. 27. Nygaard UC, Aase A, Lovik M The allergy adjuvant effect of particles genetic factors influence antibody and cytokine responses. BMC Immunol 6: 11. 28. Porcheray F, Viaud S, Rimaniol AC, Leone C, Samah B, et al. Macrophage activation switching: an asset for the resolution of inflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 142: 481489. 29. Blyth DI, Wharton TF, Pedrick MS, Savage TJ, Sanjar S Airway subepithelial fibrosis in a murine model of atopic asthma: suppression by dexamethasone or anti-interleukin-5 antibody. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 23: 241246. 30. Southam DS, Ellis R, Wattie J, Glass W, Inman MD Goblet cell rebound and airway dysfunction with corticosteroid withdrawal in a mouse model of asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 178: 11151122. 31. Kumar RK, Herbert C, Kasper M Reversibility of airway inflammation and remodelling following cessation of antigenic challenge in a model of chronic asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 34: 17961802. 32. Leigh R, Ellis R, Wattie J, Southam DS, De Hoogh M, et al. Dysfunction and remodeling of the mouse airway persist after resolution of acute allergeninduced airway inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 27: 526535. 33. Khalil N, O’Connor RN, Unruh HW, Warren PW, Flanders KC, et al. Increased production and immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor-beta in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 5: 155162. 34. Redington AE, Madden J, Frew AJ, Djukanovic R, Roche WR, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in asthma. Measurement in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 156: 642647. 35. Halwani R, Al-Muhsen S, Al-Jahdali H, Hamid Q Role of transforming growth factor-beta in airway remodeling in asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 44: 127133. 36. Vignola AM, Chanez P, Chiappara G, Merendino A, Pace E, et al. Transforming growth factor-beta expression in mucosal biopsies in asthma and chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit 12926553 Care Med 156: 591599. 37. Eickelberg O, Pansky A, Koehler E, Bihl M, Tamm M, et al. Molecular mechanisms of TGF- antagonism by interferon and cyclosporine A in lung fibroblasts. FASEB J 15: 797806. 38. Baran D A comparison of inhaled budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate in childhood asthma. Br J Dis Chest 81: 170175. 39. Schmidt J, Fleissner S, Heimann-Weitschat I, Lindstaedt R, Szelenyi I The effect of different corticosteroids and cyclosporin A on interleukin-4 and interleukin-5 release from murine TH2-type T cells. Eur J Pharmacol 26.